The Mahabharata war: who stood where

The kingdoms and peoples named in the armies of the Kurukshetra war, by the side they fought on. Each side is taken from the epic itself, checked in two copies of K. M. Ganguli’s public-domain translation, and from S. Sørensen’s index of names. Many peoples appear on both sides, and a few stayed out. Capitals are traditional identifications, not historical findings, and the war is not dated.

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The Pandava side (10)

Kingdom or people	Who fought, and the sources	Capital (traditional identification)
Indraprastha (Pandava seat)	The Pandavas' city (also called Khandavaprastha, per Dey); it stands for the Pandava claim, not an allied kingdom. Pandava side: Yudhishthira and his brothers Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLI (print §CL) · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Kuru, pl.”	Indraprastha (Khandavaprastha) Purana Qila, Delhi (traditional identification)
Panchala	Drupada's Panchalas were the Pandavas' main allies; his son Dhrishtadyumna commanded the Pandava army. Pandava side: Drupada, his sons and the Panchala army Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §XIX (print §XVIII) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLI (print §CL) · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Pancala, pl.”	Kampilya (south Panchala, Drupada's capital); Ahichchhatra (north Panchala) Kampil, Farrukhabad district, Uttar Pradesh (traditional identification); Ahichchhatra (Ramnagar), Bareilly district, Uttar Pradesh (traditional identification)
Matsya	Virata of Matsya joined the Pandavas, who were encamped at Upaplavya, which Dey equates with Virata's city. One Udyoga list and one Bhishma Parva list also name Matsyas with Duryodhana; Soerensen marks the Udyoga instance as anomalous. Pandava side: Virata and the Matsyas Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §XIX (print §XVIII) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLI (print §CL) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §XXII (print §XXI) · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Matsya, pl.” · N. L. Dey, Geographical Dictionary: “Upaplavya” Kaurava side: a Matsya contingent named in Duryodhana's lists Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §XVIII (print §not confirmed) · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Matsya, pl.”	Viratanagara (Virata's city); Upaplavya was the Pandava camp in his territory Viratnagar (Bairat), Jaipur district, Rajasthan (traditional identification)
Chedi	Dhrishtaketu, son of Shishupala, brought an akshauhini to the Pandavas and led the Chedis, Kashis and Karushas. Pandava side: Dhrishtaketu and the Chedis Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §XIX (print §XVIII) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §XXII (print §XXI) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CXCIX (print §CXCVIII) · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Cedi, pl.”	Shuktimati near Banda, Uttar Pradesh (Raychaudhuri; Pargiter) (disputed identification); Rewa, Madhya Pradesh (D. K. Chakrabarti) (disputed identification); Chanderi, Madhya Pradesh (Tod; local tradition of Shishupala) (disputed identification)
Kashi	The king of Kashi fought for the Pandavas, but the Kaurava array also includes 'the powerful son of the king of Kashi' (in the Sanskrit text, Abhibhu son of the Kashi king). Pandava side: the ruler of Kashi (Kashya) and the Kashi troops under Dhrishtaketu Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §XXV · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §L · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CXCIX (print §CXCVIII) · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Kasi, pl. (OCR 'Kagi')” Kaurava side: the son of the king of Kashi, in the rear of Duryodhana's array (one source family) Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §LI · Sanskrit Wikisource: महाभारतम्-06-भीष्मपर्व-051	Varanasi Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh (traditional identification)
Pandya	Pandya, 'who dwelt on the coast-land near the sea', joined Yudhishthira; in Karna Parva a Pandya king is slain by Ashvatthama. Pandava side: the Pandya king and his troops Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §XIX (print §XVIII) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §XXII (print §XXI) · Ganguli’s translation, Drona Parva §XXIII (print §not confirmed) · Ganguli’s translation, Karna Parva §XX (print §not confirmed) · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Pandya, pl.” · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §L	not named in the war books Madurai, Tamil Nadu (capital of a later period, used only to place the region); Korkai, Thoothukudi district (early historic port capital) (capital of a later period, used only to place the region)
Chola	Cholas, with Pandyas and Keralas, appear in the Pandava army in Karna Parva. Pandava side: the Cholas Ganguli’s translation, Karna Parva §XII · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Cola, pl.”	not named in the epic Uraiyur, Tiruchirappalli (capital of a later period, used only to place the region)
Kerala (Chera)	Keralas appear with the Cholas and Pandyas in the Pandava army in Karna Parva. Pandava side: the Keralas Ganguli’s translation, Karna Parva §XII · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Kerala, pl.”	not named in the epic Muchiri-Vanchi (Muziris) on the Kerala coast; point taken from the Chera dynasty item (capital of a later period, used only to place the region); Karur (Vanchi-Karuvur), Tamil Nadu (capital of a later period, used only to place the region)
Kunti (Kuntibhoja's kingdom)	Kuntibhoja, who adopted Kunti, the Pandavas’ mother, fought for them with Purujit. Pandava side: Kuntibhoja and Purujit Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §XXV · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §L · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLXXIII (print §not confirmed) · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Kuntibhoja”	not named in the war books not identified
Vatsa	Vatsas are on the Pandava wings in the Bhishma Parva krauncha array. Pandava side: the Vatsas Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §L · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Vatsa, pl.”	Kaushambi Kosam (Kaushambi), Kaushambi district, Uttar Pradesh (traditional identification)

The Kaurava side (17)

Kingdom or people	Who fought, and the sources	Capital (traditional identification)
Kuru (Hastinapura)	The Kuru throne at Hastinapura, held by Dhritarashtra and Duryodhana, led the Kaurava side. The Pandavas were Kurus too; their seat is a separate entry (Indraprastha). Kaurava side: Duryodhana and his brothers with the Hastinapura army Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLVI (print §CLV) · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Kuru, pl.” Pandava side: the five Pandavas, Kuru princes, claiming their share of the kingdom Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLI (print §CL) · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Kuru, pl.”	Hastinapura Hastinapur, Meerut district, Uttar Pradesh (traditional identification)
Anga	Karna, made king of Anga by Duryodhana, fought for the Kauravas; an unnamed ruler of the Angas also fought on an elephant for Duryodhana. Kaurava side: Karna as king of Anga; Anga elephant troops Ganguli’s translation, Drona Parva §XXIV (print §XXVI) · Ganguli’s translation, Karna Parva §XXII · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Anga, pl.”	Champa (Champapuri, Malini) Champanagar near Bhagalpur, Bihar (traditional identification)
Vanga	The ruler of the Vangas followed Duryodhana with elephants; Vanga elephant-fighters attack the Pandavas in Karna Parva. Kaurava side: the ruler of the Vangas and Vanga elephant troops Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §XCII · Ganguli’s translation, Karna Parva §XXII · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Anga, pl.”	not identified not identified
Kalinga	Shrutayush (Shrutayudha) of Kalinga commanded troops for Duryodhana and fought Bhima, with his son Sakradeva, the Kalinga prince Bhanumat and Ketumat, son of the Nishada king. Kaurava side: Shrutayush/Shrutayudha, his son Sakradeva, Bhanumat and the Kalinga army Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §XVI · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §LIV (print §not confirmed) · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §LI · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Kalinga, pl.”	Rajapura (Mahabharata, Shanti Parva, per Dey); Dantapura (Buddhist tradition) Rajamahendri (Rajahmundry) for Rajapura (disputed identification); Puri, or Dantapuram (Srikakulam), for Dantapura (disputed identification)
Gandhara	Shakuni, Duryodhana's maternal uncle, led the Gandharas for the Kauravas and was killed by Sahadeva. Kaurava side: Shakuni son of Subala and the Gandhara troops Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLVI (print §CLV) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLXVIII (print §CLXVII) · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §LI · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Gandhara, pl.” · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Sakuni (Saubala), end of entry”	Takshashila; Pushkalavati Taxila, Rawalpindi division, Pakistan (traditional identification); Pushkalavati (Charsadda), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (traditional identification)
Madra	Shalya, brother of Madri (Soerensen), set out to join the Pandavas but was won over by Duryodhana's hospitality and fought for the Kauravas. Kaurava side: Shalya and the Madra army Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §VIII (print §VII) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §XIX (print §XVIII) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLVI (print §CLV) · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Madra, pl.” · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Salya, king of the Madras, brother of Madri”	Sakala (Sagala) Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan (disputed identification); Sanglawala Tiba, Jhang district (disputed identification); Chiniot or Shahkot, Jhang district (disputed identification)
Sindhu-Sauvira	Jayadratha, husband of Dhritarashtra's daughter Duhshala (Soerensen), brought the Sindhu and Sauvira armies to the Kauravas. Kaurava side: Jayadratha with the Sindhus and Sauviras Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §XIX (print §XVIII) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLVI (print §CLV) · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §LI · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Jayadratha (1), king of the Sindhus” · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Sauvira, pl.”	Roruka (capital of Sauvira in Buddhist texts); the epic names none for Sindhu Aror (near Rohri), Sindh, Pakistan (disputed identification); Multan region (Alberuni's identification of Sauvira, via Dey) (disputed identification); Eder, Gujarat (disputed identification)
Kamboja	Sudakshina, king of the Kambojas, came with Yavanas and Shakas and commanded an akshauhini for Duryodhana. Kaurava side: Sudakshina with Kambojas, Yavanas and Shakas Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §XIX (print §XVIII) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLVI (print §CLV) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLXVII (print §CLXVI) · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Kamboja, pl.”	Rajapura (site unknown) not identified
Avanti	The two princes of Avanti, Vinda and Anuvinda, each brought an akshauhini to Duryodhana. Kaurava side: Vinda and Anuvinda of Avanti Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §XIX (print §XVIII) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLXVII (print §CLXVI) · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §LI · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Vinda (1), an Avanti prince, brother of Anuvinda”	Ujjayini Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh (traditional identification)
Trigarta	Susharma of Trigarta and his brothers, who had fought the Pandavas at Virata's city, fought for Duryodhana. Kaurava side: Susharma and the five Trigarta brothers Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLXVII (print §CLXVI) · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §LI · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Trigarta, pl.”	Prasthala Jalandhar, Punjab (disputed identification); Kangra, Himachal Pradesh (disputed identification)
Pragjyotisha	Bhagadatta brought an akshauhini of Chinas and Kiratas to Duryodhana. Kaurava side: Bhagadatta with Chinas and Kiratas Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §XIX (print §XVIII) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLXVIII (print §CLXVII) · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §LI · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Bhagadatta, king of Pragjyotisha”	Pragjyotishapura Guwahati, Assam (traditional identification); a Pragjyotishapura on the Betwa (disputed identification)
Bahlika (Vahlika)	Bahlika, brother of Shantanu (Soerensen), led an akshauhini for Duryodhana with his Vahlikas; Bhurishravas led another. Kaurava side: Bahlika with the Vahlikas; Somadatta; Bhurishravas Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLVI (print §CLV) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLXVIII (print §CLXVII) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §XIX (print §XVIII) · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Bahlika (3), son of Pratipa, brother of Shantanu”	not named Balkh, Afghanistan (Bactria) (disputed identification); the Vahika country of the Punjab (between the Beas and the Sutlej, or west of the Ravi) (disputed identification)
Malava	Malavas, paired with the Kshudrakas, march with Duryodhana. The Sanskrit Wikisource text of the Pandava array also names Malavas, but Ganguli's print does not, so that is a variant reading only. Kaurava side: Kshudraka-Malavas Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §LI · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Malava, pl.”	not named Multan, Punjab, Pakistan (capital of the Malavas/Malli per Dey) (disputed identification)
Kuluta	Kshemadhurti, king of the Kulutas, fought Bhima from an elephant for the Kauravas and was killed. Kaurava side: Kshemadhurti and the Kuluta troops Ganguli’s translation, Karna Parva §XII · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Kuluta, pl.” · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Kshemadhurti, one or more princes”	not named Kullu valley, Himachal Pradesh (traditional identification)
Kuntala	Kuntalas follow Drona in the Kaurava array; Soerensen also has them following Karna in Karna Parva. Kaurava side: Kuntalas following Drona Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §LI · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Kuntala, pl.”	not named in the war books Kubattur (Kuntalakapura), Sorab, Shimoga district, Karnataka (disputed identification); a Kuntalapura in Gwalior territory (Cunningham) (disputed identification)
Mekala	Mekalas follow Bhishma and Brihadbala in Bhishma Parva and, with Utkalas and Kalingas, attack Nakula and the Panchalas in Karna Parva. Kaurava side: Mekala troops Ganguli’s translation, Karna Parva §XXII · Ganguli’s translation, Karna Parva §XXII · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Mekala, pl.”	none named Amarkantak and the Maikal hills, Madhya Pradesh (traditional identification)
Pulinda	Pulindas are in Duryodhana's host, follow Drona, attack Satyaki and are cut down by Pandya; they are counted among the Kaurava dead. Kaurava side: Pulinda troops Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLXII (print §CLXI) · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §LXXXVIII · Ganguli’s translation, Drona Parva §CXX (print §not confirmed) · Ganguli’s translation, Karna Parva §XX · Ganguli’s translation, Karna Parva §LXXIII · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Pulinda, pl.”	none (a forest people) not identified

Divided between both sides (17)

Kingdom or people	Who fought, and the sources	Capital (traditional identification)
Magadha	The Magadhas divided: Jarasandha's sons Sahadeva and Jayatsena are named for the Pandavas, while another Magadha king, Jalasandha, and Magadha troops fought for Duryodhana. Pandava side: Jayatsena (son of Jarasandha) with an akshauhini; Sahadeva son of Jarasandha Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §XIX (print §XVIII) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §L (print §XLIX) · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Jayatsena (1), a Magadha king, son of Jarasandha” · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Magadha, pl. (two entries)” Kaurava side: Jalasandha, ruler of the Magadhas; Magadha troops with Drona; a son of the Magadha ruler slain by Abhimanyu Ganguli’s translation, Drona Parva §CXIV (print §CXV) · Ganguli’s translation, Drona Parva §XLVI (print §XLVIII) · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §LI · Ganguli’s translation, Drona Parva §XX · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Jalasandha (1), a Magadha king” · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Magadha, pl. (two entries)”	Girivraja (Rajagriha) Rajgir, Nalanda district, Bihar (traditional identification)
Kekaya	Five Kekaya brothers fought for the Pandavas and other Kekayas for Duryodhana. Ganguli's Udyoga XIX even sends 'the five royal brothers' to Duryodhana, while the Sanskrit Wikisource text sends them to the Pandavas: a recension difference. Pandava side: the five Kekaya brothers Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §LVII (print §LVI) · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §L · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Kekaya, pl. / Kaikaya, pl.” · Sanskrit Wikisource: महाभारतम्-05-उद्योगपर्व-019 Kaurava side: the other Kekayas, including the Kekaya princes Vinda and Anuvinda (distinct from the Avanti pair) Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §LVII (print §LVI) · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §XVIII (print §not confirmed) · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Kekaya, pl. / Kaikaya, pl.” · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Vinda (1), a Kaikeya prince, brother of Anuvinda” Kaurava side: the five Kekaya princes themselves, in Ganguli's translation of the army assembly (one source family) Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §XIX (print §XVIII)	Girivraja / Rajagriha of Kekaya Jalalpur (old name Girjak), Jhelum district, Pakistan (disputed identification)
Yadava (Vrishni, Andhaka, Bhoja, Kukura) of Dvaraka	The Yadavas split three ways: Satyaki and Chekitana fought for the Pandavas and Krishna drove Arjuna's chariot without fighting; Kritavarman took the Bhojas, Andhakas and Kukuras, and Krishna's Narayana army, to Duryodhana; Balarama refused to fight and went on pilgrimage. Pandava side: Satyaki (Yuyudhana) with an akshauhini; Chekitana of the Vrishni race; Krishna as non-combatant Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §XIX (print §XVIII) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLI (print §CL) · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §LXXXV · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §VII (print §VI) · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Yuyudhana (Satyaki)” Kaurava side: Kritavarman with the Bhojas, Andhakas and Kukuras; the Narayana army given to Duryodhana Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §XIX (print §XVIII) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §VII (print §VI) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLXVI (print §CLXV) · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Krtavarman, a Vrishni prince, son of Hridika” · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Kukura, pl.” · Hindi Wikipedia: कुरुक्षेत्र युद्ध stayed out: Balarama, who left for the Sarasvati tirthas Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLVIII (print §CLVII) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLIX (print §CLVIII) · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Baladevatirthayatra”	Dvaraka (Dvaravati) Dwarka, Gujarat (traditional identification); Bet Dwarka island, Gulf of Kutch (disputed identification)
Shurasena	Shurasena troops are repeatedly listed with Duryodhana in Bhishma and Drona Parvas, but a Karna Parva passage has Kaurava warriors fighting the Shurasenas of the Pandava army. Kaurava side: Shurasena troops in Duryodhana's arrays Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §XVIII (print §not confirmed) · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §LI · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Surasena, pl. (OCR 'Qurasena')” Pandava side: Shurasenas among the Pandava forces Ganguli’s translation, Karna Parva §XLVII · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Surasena, pl. (OCR 'Qurasena')”	Mathura Mathura, Uttar Pradesh (traditional identification)
Karusha	Karushas mostly marched with Dhrishtaketu of Chedi on the Pandava side, but Karushas also stood with Brihadbala on the Kaurava left wing in one Bhishma Parva array. Pandava side: Karushas under Dhrishtaketu Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §XXII (print §XXI) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CXCIX (print §CXCVIII) · Ganguli’s translation, Drona Parva §XXI · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Karusha, pl. (two entries)” Kaurava side: Karushas with Brihadbala on the Kaurava left wing Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §LVI · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Karusha, pl. (two entries)”	not named Rewa country, Madhya Pradesh (Pargiter, via Dey) (disputed identification)
Dasharna	The ruler of the Dasharnas is placed in the neck of the Pandava array, while Dasharna troops follow Drona in the Kaurava array and fight the Panchalas in Karna Parva. Pandava side: the ruler of the Dasharnas (one source family) Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §L · Sanskrit Wikisource: महाभारतम्-06-भीष्मपर्व-050 Kaurava side: Dasharna troops following Drona; Dasharna elephant-fighters Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §LI · Ganguli’s translation, Karna Parva §XXII · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Dasarna, pl. (OCR 'Dacarna/Daqarna')”	Vidisha (in Kalidasa's Meghaduta) Vidisha (Besnagar), Madhya Pradesh (capital of a later period, used only to place the region)
Kosala	King Brihadbala of Kosala led troops for Duryodhana (Soerensen: slain by Abhimanyu), but Kosala warriors, including Sukshatra son of the Kosala ruler, also fought for the Pandavas. Kaurava side: Brihadbala and Kosala troops Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLXVII (print §CLXVI) · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §XVI · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §LI · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Brhadbala (4), the Kosala king” · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Kosala, pl.” Pandava side: Kosalas rescuing Yudhishthira; Sukshatra son of the Kosala ruler Ganguli’s translation, Drona Parva §XXI · Ganguli’s translation, Drona Parva §XXIII (print §not confirmed) · Ganguli’s translation, Karna Parva §XLVII · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Kosala, pl.”	Ayodhya (traditional); Shravasti (later, Buddhist period) Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh (traditional identification); Shravasti (Sahet-Mahet), Uttar Pradesh (capital of a later period, used only to place the region)
Pundra (Paundra)	Paundras or Pundras stand on the Pandava wings in one Bhishma Parva array (the Bombay and Calcutta texts differ on the name), but Paundras are in Drona's Kaurava array and Pundra elephant-fighters attack the Panchalas in Karna Parva. Pandava side: Paundras/Pundras on the Pandava wings Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §L · Sanskrit Wikisource: महाभारतम्-06-भीष्मपर्व-050 · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Paundra, pl.” Kaurava side: Paundras in Drona's array; Pundra elephant troops Ganguli’s translation, Drona Parva §XX · Ganguli’s translation, Karna Parva §XXII · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Paundra, pl.”	Pundravardhana (Pundranagara) Mahasthangarh, Bogura, Bangladesh (disputed identification); Pandua, north of Malda, West Bengal (disputed identification)
Mahishmati (Anupa)	Nila of Mahishmati came to Duryodhana with southern troops, yet in Bhishma and Drona Parvas Nila, lord of Anupa, fights for the Pandavas and is killed by Ashvatthama. Soerensen treats these as one man; the text is inconsistent. Kaurava side: Nila of Mahishmati in the Udyoga assembly and Bhishma's count Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §XIX (print §XVIII) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLXVII (print §CLXVI) · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Nila (2), king of Mahishmati” Pandava side: Nila (lord of Anupa) in the Pandava army; Anupakas in the Pandava array Ganguli’s translation, Drona Parva §XXIII (print §not confirmed) · Ganguli’s translation, Drona Parva §XXIX (print §XXXI) · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §L · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Nila (2), king of Mahishmati”	Mahishmati Maheshwar, Khargone district, Madhya Pradesh (disputed identification); Mandhata (Omkareshwar island), Khandwa district, Madhya Pradesh (disputed identification)
Shibi (Sivi)	Sivis and a Saibya of the Govasanas stand with Duryodhana, while another Saibya and a Shibi prince fight for the Pandavas. Soerensen separates several Saibyas. Kaurava side: Sivi troops; Saibya of the Govasanas Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §XVII · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §XVIII (print §not confirmed) · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §LI · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Sibi, pl. (OCR 'Gibi')” · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Saibya (7), king of the Sibis, various princes” Pandava side: Saibya in the Pandava array; a Shibi prince killed by Drona Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §XXV · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §L · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Saibya (7), king of the Sibis, various princes” · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Sibi (5), a prince who sided with Yudhishthira”	not named in the war books Nagari near Chittor, Rajasthan (Jataka capital Jetuttara, per Cunningham) (disputed identification); Punjab, near the Jhelum–Chenab confluence (disputed identification)
Salva	King Salva fought for Duryodhana from an elephant on the last day, but another Salva fought for the Pandavas and a ruler of the Salvas advanced with them against Drona. Kaurava side: Salva troops; king Salva on the last day Ganguli’s translation, Shalya Parva §XX · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Salva, pl. (OCR 'Qalva')” Pandava side: a Salva slain by Duryodhana's brother Bhimaratha; the ruler of the Salvas with the Pandavas (one source family) Ganguli’s translation, Drona Parva §XXIII (print §XXV) · Ganguli’s translation, Drona Parva §CLIII (print §CLIV)	Saubha / Martikavata; Salvapura Alwar, Rajasthan (disputed identification)
Videha	Videhas attack Arjuna for Duryodhana in Bhishma Parva, but in Karna Parva Karna slaughters the Videhas of the Pandava army. Kaurava side: Videha troops attacking Arjuna (one source family) Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §CXVIII Pandava side: Videhas in the Pandava army Ganguli’s translation, Karna Parva §III · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Videha, pl.”	Mithila Janakpur, Nepal (traditional identification); Baliraajgadh, Madhubani district, Bihar (disputed identification)
Andhra	Andhras are named in Duryodhana's host, and 'Andhrakas united with the Kurus' are listed among the Kaurava dead, but Karna Parva also has infantry 'of the Andhra tribe' led by Satyaki for the Pandavas. Kaurava side: Andhras with the Dravidas and Kanchis in Duryodhana's host; Andhrakas fighting with the Kurus Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLXII (print §CLXI) · Ganguli’s translation, Karna Parva §LXXIII · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Kancya, pl. (Kanchis)” · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Andhra, pl.” Pandava side: Andhra infantry led by Satyaki (one source family) Ganguli’s translation, Karna Parva §XII	not named in the epic Dharanikota (ancient Dhanyakataka), Palnadu district, Andhra Pradesh (capital of a later period, used only to place the region)
Asmaka	Abhimanyu kills the heir of Asmaka fighting for the Kauravas, yet Dhritarashtra later lists the Asmakas among the Pandava heroes. Soerensen notes that the passages seem to contradict one another. Kaurava side: the ruler (heir) of the Asmakas, slain by Abhimanyu Ganguli’s translation, Drona Parva §XXXV (print §not confirmed) · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Asmaka (3), king of the Asmakas; Asmakadayada; Asmakah, a people” Pandava side: the Asmakas among the Pandava heroes Ganguli’s translation, Drona Parva §LXXXV · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Asmaka (3), king of the Asmakas; Asmakadayada; Asmakah, a people”	Potana / Podana / Paudanya (Buddhist and Puranic sources; not named in the war books) Bodhan, Nizamabad district, Telangana (disputed identification); north-west India (disputed identification)
Kanchi	Kanchis are named in Duryodhana's host (Udyoga) but charge with the Pandava forces in Karna Parva; Soerensen records both. Kaurava side: Kanchis in Duryodhana's host Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLXII (print §CLXI) · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Kancya, pl. (Kanchis)” Pandava side: Kanchis with the Chedis, Panchalas and Kosalas Ganguli’s translation, Karna Parva §XII · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Kancya, pl. (Kanchis)”	Kanchi (Kanchipura) Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu (traditional identification)
Kirata	Kiratas came with Bhagadatta's akshauhini, marched and fought with the Kauravas and rode Duryodhana's elephants, but Kiratas also stand in the neck of the Pandava krauncha array. Kaurava side: Kiratas in Bhagadatta's akshauhini, with Kripa, and on Duryodhana's elephants Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §XIX (print §XVIII) · Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CXCVIII (print §not confirmed) · Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §XX · Ganguli’s translation, Drona Parva §CXI (print §CXII) · Ganguli’s translation, Karna Parva §LXXIII · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Kirata, pl.” Pandava side: Kiratas in the neck of the Pandava array Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §L · Sanskrit Wikisource: महाभारतम्-06-भीष्मपर्व-050 · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Kirata, pl.”	none (a people of the hills) not identified
Utkala (with Odra/Udra)	Utkalas attack Nakula with the Mekalas and Kalingas in Karna Parva. Udras (Odras) stand on the Pandava wings in Bhishma Parva L, but only in the Calcutta text that Ganguli translated; the Bombay text, and the Sanskrit Wikisource text, read Cholas there. Kaurava side: Utkalas with the Mekalas and Kalingas Ganguli’s translation, Karna Parva §XXII · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Mekala, pl.” · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Utkala, pl.” Pandava side: Udras (Odras) on the Pandava wings Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §L · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Udra, pl.”	none named not identified

Stayed out (1)

Kingdom or people	Who fought, and the sources	Capital (traditional identification)
Vidarbha	Rukmi of Vidarbha offered his army to both sides, was refused by both and stayed out. Yet Vidarbha troops are listed following Drona in a Kaurava array. stayed out: Rukmi, refused by Arjuna and Duryodhana Ganguli’s translation, Udyoga Parva §CLIX (print §CLVIII) · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Rukmin, king of Bhojakata, son of Bhishmaka” Kaurava side: Vidarbha troops with Drona Ganguli’s translation, Bhishma Parva §LI · Sørensen, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata: “Vidarbha, pl.”	Kundina (Kundinapura); Rukmi ruled from Bhojakata Kaundinyapur, Amravati district, Maharashtra (for Kundina) (traditional identification); Bhojpur near Vidisha, for Bhojakata (disputed identification)